Country Lifestyle
Tips for Winter Bird Feeding
By Michael Newell
When the temperatures turn cold and you get a little ice or snow, it is important to think of some of the smaller creatures that share our world and the struggles that they are faced with to find food on a daily basis. One sure way to lend a helping hand to the many species of songbirds that choose to stay here for the winter is to put out a bird feeder or two.
Feeding birds is lots of fun and has gotten very, very popular. In fact, a recent survey by BirdWatchingDaily.com reported that 52 million Americans feed birds or other wildlife. That is more than play golf, hunt or fish combined. There is something soothing about feeding birds, something relaxing. With all the hustle and bustle of this season, we could all use a little relaxation.
An additional benefit is if you start feeding now, then in January you can participate in the Winter Bird Feeder Survey conducted by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Watch this column for more details.
There are many types of feeders on the market and each will attract different birds. There are also many different types of bird seeds on the market, and the food you put out will also determine which birds (and animals) will come to your feeders. Some birds want to eat on the ground while others prefer eating while hanging upside down! Even the size of the holes in a feeder and the length of the perches will determine which feathery guests will visit your offerings.
The Audubon society offers some good information about backyard bird feeding including types of feeders, foods and birds that might frequent your feeding station.
What type(s) of feeders should you use?
The type of bird feeder you use will determine which birds come to your yard to eat. Do you want hummingbirds, woodpeckers, orioles, chickadees, cardinals, goldfinches or doves?
Maybe your answer is “All of the above.” In this case you will need a number of different feeder types!
- Platform feeders are simply flat tables raised off the ground. Cardinals like these. Doves will eat from them, too, if they are not very far off the ground.
- Tube feeders are cylindrical tubes with openings up and down the tube — perfect for Chickadees and Goldfinches. Shorten the perches to keep larger birds away.
- Hopper feeders are bins that hold seeds that spill out of the bottom as the birds eat. Many birds will come to these — including larger birds like Blue Jays, Grackles and Starlings.
- Suet feeders are wire or mesh baskets that hold suet or pre-packaged suet cakes. Woodpeckers love these!
- Bowl feeders are hanging bowls that typically are covered by a large plastic dome to keep out the rain and snow.
- Specialized feeders include pine cones (great for lathering with peanut butter), and sharpened sticks to hold orange halves for Orioles. You can also sprinkle seeds directly on the ground — but this attracts other critters as well.
What types of food should you use?
The favorite food of most seed eating songbirds is black-oil sunflower seed. This is a small solid black seed, not to be confused with the larger striped sunflower. Birds such as cardinals, blue jays, chickadees, juncos, mourning dove and finches are especially fond of black-oil sunflower. And another nice feature is that it is not a favorite of house sparrows and starlings, two less desired species. Offer it from hopper type feeders or tube style feeders.
Niger thistle seed will appeal to goldfinches. This small seed is expensive, but goes a long way until a goldfinch feeding frenzy erupts at your feeder. A specially designed tube style feeder is needed for thistle.
Ground feeders such as bobwhite quail, towhees, and dove will also enjoy white corso millet, but spreading this may encourage unwanted visitors.
Bird feeding tips
Feeding the birds can be very simple, from putting peanut butter on a pine cone to impaling half an orange on a nail. Here are some tips from the National Wildlife Federation to help you attract the visitors you desire while discouraging some of the uninvited guests:
- Put out feeders with good size capacity: And/or use multiple feeders to provide ample food especially during snow and ice storms. There are many stores in your area that sell excellent bird feeders including bird-specific stores and most lawn and garden centers.
- Provide nutritious winter seed foods: For most birds these often include seed mixes of black oil sunflower seed, hulled peanuts, niger seed and white millet seed. Mixed seed bags can be purchased at local bird and lawn and garden stores or you can go on line and visit the Scott’s Songbird Selections website for a store locator or to learn more about wild bird feeding.
- Offer fatty food, too: Birds need to burn more calories in the winter just to stay warm. Suet is considered a high energy food because it consists of fat that has nine calories per gram compared to four calories per gram for carbohydrates or protein. Peanut Butter is also popular with our flying friends but is more expensive than suet. Suet feeders are a favorite of woodpeckers and other insect-eating birds
- Keep your feeders full: Winter birds need to stock up on calories especially for those long, cold winter nights.
- Be consistent and keep feeding through the winter: Birds grow accustomed to your feeders especially in severe weather when the snacks you offer may mean their very survival. If you leave home for an extended period, try to have a neighbor or friend keep the feeders going.
- Remember water: Birds can become dehydrated in winter even if surrounded by ice and snow. Putting out a pan of water near the feeder on warmer days is a terrific idea.
- Stamp down the snow below: Ground-feeding birds such as dark-eyed juncos, doves and many sparrows will be able to gather up the seed that drop from the feeders if they don’t have deep snow to try to manage.
- Hang feeders in cat-safe locations: Place bird feeders in locations that do not also offer hiding places for sneak-attacks by cats and other predators. Think of placing the feeders ten to twelve feet from shrubs or brush piles. This gives the birds some time to react.
- Save some money and stock up on seed: Bird feeding veterans say it is best to stock up on birdseed in the fall when many lawn and garden centers are discounting it to make way for winter merchandise. Stored properly, (in cool dry places) seed can easily last for months, particularly seed mixes and sunflower seeds.
Feeder maintenance and hygiene tips.
Cleaning birdfeeders and birdbaths is a crucial practice in preventing the spread of disease between birds. Recently, scientists noted that the spread of Trichomonad protozoan parasites, which cause a disease termed Trichomoniasis, was on the rise especially among mourning dove and band-tailed pigeon populations in the West.
You can tell if you have a disease problem at your feeders because diseased birds are less alert and less active, they feed less and may cower on a feeder, they may be reluctant to fly, and their feathers do not appear to be in good shape. Birds afflicted with Trichomoniasis typically develop sores in their mouths and throats. Unable to swallow, they drop food or water contaminated with Trichomonads that other birds then consume, thus spreading the disease.
With the concern over this and other diseases, including Salmonellosis, Aspergillosis, and Avian Pox, which are easily transmitted at birdfeeders and birdbaths, Audubon recommends paying diligent attention to cleanliness in pursuit of responsible and rewarding bird feeding practices. Birds with disease are more likely to die from starvation, dehydration, predation, and severe weather, so protect them by following these tips.
- Disinfect your feeder and birdbath: To keep pathogens at bay, immerse your seed feeder or birdbath in a nine to one water-bleach solution, rinsing it thoroughly, one to two times per month (for tips on cleaning hummingbird feeders, click here). In the presence of outbreaks, disinfect twice as often.
- Empty water from your birdbath every day: Brush or wipe it clean and rinse, then refill the birdbath with fresh water.
- Discard old seed and hulls: When you clean your feeder, get rid of the old seed. Rake or sweep up any uneaten hulls on the ground. The disease-causing Trichomonad protozoan, for example, can live for up to five days in food and several hours in water.
- Avoid overcrowding: If possible, provide more than one feeder and spread them out. Crowding only expedites the spread of disease, so give the birds variety and plenty of room.
Country Lifestyle
Apple Fritter Quick Bread
Total Time: 1 hour and 40 minutes
Servings: 10
2 medium apples (any type), peeled, cored & diced
1/3 cup brown sugar
1 tsp cinnamon
1/2 cup unsalted butter, softened
2/3 cup granulated sugar
2 large eggs
1 1/2 tsp vanilla extract
1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 3/4 tsp baking powder
1/2 cup milk
For the Glaze:
- 1/2 cup (60g) powdered sugar
1–2 tbsp milk
1/4 tsp vanilla extract
Instructions:
Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and line a 9×5-inch loaf pan with parchment paper.
Peel and chop apples and place in a bowl with brown sugar and cinnamon. Toss and set aside.
In a large mixing bowl, cream together butter and granulated sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs one at a time, then add vanilla. In a separate bowl, whisk together flour and baking powder. Gradually add dry ingredients to the butter mixture, alternating with milk, mixing until just combined.
Next, pour half of the batter into the loaf pan, top with half of the apple mixture, then repeat with remaining batter and apples. Lightly swirl with a knife for a marbled effect.
Bake for 50–55 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
Cool in pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
In a small bowl, whisk together powdered sugar, milk, and vanilla until smooth. Drizzle over cooled bread.
Slice and enjoy warm or at room temperature.
Country Lifestyle
The Almanac: Old Wisdom, New Uses
By Savannah Magoteaux
It may seem old-fashioned in today’s world of instant weather apps and precision farming tools, but for generations, farmers and ranchers have kept something tucked alongside their feed store receipts and fencing pliers: the almanac.
If you’ve ever wondered what makes an almanac different from a regular calendar—or how you can actually use one on the farm today—you’re not alone. The truth is, there’s a reason the almanac has stuck around for more than two centuries. It’s part tradition, part practical guide, and part good old country common sense.
What Exactly Is an Almanac?
At its simplest, an almanac is an annual publication that contains a wide variety of information:
- Weather forecasts (both short-term and long-range)
- Moon phases and sunrise/sunset times
- Best days for planting, harvesting, and other chores
- Tide tables
- Astronomical data (eclipses, meteor showers)
- Farming advice
- Home and garden tips
- Folk wisdom and humor
The Old Farmer’s Almanac, founded in 1792, is probably the most famous, but there are many versions today—including regional editions designed for specific areas of the country.
What sets an almanac apart is that it doesn’t just tell you what is happening; it often tells you when and how to do things based on seasonal rhythms, tradition, and long-standing patterns of nature.
How Are Almanac Predictions Made?
One of the most famous parts of the almanac is its weather forecast section.
While the exact methods are often kept secret, most almanacs combine:
- Historical weather patterns
- Solar cycles (like sunspots)
- Lunar phases
- Meteorological data
They aren’t as precise as modern radar forecasts, but they’re designed to give a general idea of what to expect for an upcoming season. Many readers use them more for planning and tradition than strict prediction.
Interestingly, some almanacs claim accuracy rates of around 80%, though independent studies suggest they’re closer to 50–60%. Still, for long-range planning—like when to schedule planting, hay cutting, or even branding days—many farmers find them helpful.
How to Use an Almanac Today
If you flip open an almanac today, you’ll find it offers much more than weather. Here are a few practical ways to use one on your farm or ranch:
- Planting by the Moon: Many people still plant certain crops according to the waxing and waning of the moon, believing that different phases influence root growth, fruit production, or hardiness.
- Scheduling Hay or Harvest: Long-range dry or wet forecasts can help you pick safer windows for cutting and baling hay.
- Livestock Planning: Some ranchers time breeding, calving, or vaccinations according to signs in the almanac (or at least avoid unlucky dates!).
- Gardening Tips: Almanacs are packed with advice on companion planting, pest control, and organic practices.
- Household Projects: Need to set fence posts or pour concrete? Some almanacs recommend the best days for setting things in the ground to “set stronger.”
Even if you don’t follow it to the letter, it can still offer a broader way of thinking seasonally—something that technology sometimes encourages us to forget.
Tradition Meets Technology
Many almanacs now have companion websites and apps, offering digital versions of their classic wisdom.
Still, there’s something satisfying about flipping through a paperback almanac, circling dates, and marking notes in the margins just like the generations before us.
It’s a reminder that even in a high-tech world, farming and ranching are still closely tied to the rhythms of nature—and a little old-school wisdom never hurts.
References:
- The Old Farmer’s Almanac – https://www.almanac.com
- Farmers’ Almanac – https://www.farmersalmanac.com
- University of Illinois Extension – Understanding the Farmer’s Almanac Weather Predictions
- National Weather Service – Historical Weather Patterns
SIDEBAR_
5 Fun Facts About the Almanac
1. It’s Older Than the U.S. Constitution.
The Old Farmer’s Almanac was first published in 1792—one year after George Washington was elected President.
2. There’s a “Secret Formula” for Weather Predictions.
The Old Farmer’s Almanac claims it uses a top-secret mathematical formula, created by its founder Robert B. Thomas, that factors in sunspots, tidal action, and planetary positions.
3. It’s Not Just One Almanac.
There are actually several famous almanacs, including the Old Farmer’s Almanac and the Farmers’ Almanac, and they’re produced by different companies with slightly different forecasting methods.
4. Moon Phases Matter.
Many planting and farming guides in the almanac are based on the waxing and waning of the moon. According to tradition, above-ground crops do better when planted during a waxing moon, and root crops thrive during a waning moon.
5. It Once Had a Hole in the Corner.
Early editions of the almanac were printed with a hole punched through the corner. Why? So farmers could hang them on a nail in the barn or outhouse for easy reading (and sometimes, as a backup to toilet paper)!
Country Lifestyle
The Sounds of the Country
Daylight in the country is busy. There are engines, gates, dogs, birds, wind, and people moving with purpose. Even when it feels quiet, there is usually something making noise. It is familiar noise, the kind you stop noticing because it belongs there.
Night is different.
When the sun drops and the work winds down, the sounds change. Some disappear entirely. Others step forward like they were waiting their turn. It is only then that you realize how much the land talks after dark.
The first thing most people notice is how far sound carries at night. Voices travel farther. A truck door slams a half mile away and still feels close. Coyotes sound like they are just beyond the fence, even when they are scattered across an entire section.
There are reasons for that. Cooler nighttime air is denser, allowing sound waves to move more efficiently. During the day, sunlight heats the ground unevenly, creating air layers that bend and scatter sound. At night, temperatures even out, and sound travels straighter and farther. The land does not get louder. You just hear more of it.
Coyotes are often the headliners. Their howls, yips, and barks are not random noise. They are communication. A single howl can be a location check. Group yipping can signal territory or reunite scattered pack members. What sounds like chaos is often a coordinated conversation that carries for miles.
Owls tend to follow. Great horned owls announce themselves with deep, rhythmic calls that sound older than fences and roads. Barred owls ask their unmistakable questions from creek bottoms and timber. These calls serve the same basic purpose as the coyotes’. Territory, presence, and pair bonding, all broadcast into the dark.
Insects fill the gaps. Crickets and katydids create a steady background hum that changes with temperature and season. In late summer, their calls are loud enough to drown out distant traffic. In early fall, the rhythm slows. By winter, silence settles in where that sound once lived.
Frogs take over after rain. Stock tanks, ditches, and low spots become stages. Each species has its own call, its own timing, its own volume. To someone unfamiliar with rural nights, it can sound overwhelming. To those who live with it, it becomes reassurance that water is present and life is moving.
Livestock contribute their own nighttime sounds. A cow bawling for a calf. Horses shifting and blowing softly in the dark. The occasional thump of hooves when something unseen moves through the pasture. These noises are usually brief, but they catch your attention because they break the expected rhythm.
Some sounds are seasonal. In the fall, migrating birds pass overhead, calling to one another in the dark as they navigate by stars and landmarks. In spring, night birds return, filling the air with calls that have been absent for months. The land sounds different when life is arriving versus when it is leaving.
What surprises many people is how much quieter the country can be without human interference. With fewer buildings, less traffic, and minimal artificial lighting, natural sounds are not masked the way they are in towns and cities. Even distant highways fade into the background, leaving space for subtler noises to emerge.
That quiet can feel uncomfortable at first. Silence magnifies small sounds. A branch snapping or leaves shifting can sound larger than it is. Over time, you learn what belongs and what does not. The land teaches you what is normal.
Nighttime sounds also slow you down. There is less pressure to move, to fix, to finish. Sitting on a porch or leaning against a fence, you start to listen instead of scanning. The dark removes visual distractions, leaving only sound to tell the story.
Those sounds carry information. Weather is changing. Animals are moving. Seasons are turning. Without realizing it, you begin to recognize patterns. You notice when the coyotes are quieter than usual, or when frogs call earlier than expected. The land speaks in small signals long before anything obvious happens.
Most of these sounds go unnoticed unless you stop and listen. They are not dramatic on their own. They do not demand attention. But together, they form the soundtrack of rural life after dark.
In a world that rarely slows down, nighttime in the country offers something increasingly rare. A chance to listen without interruption. To notice what has always been there. To understand that even when the lights are off and the work is done, the land never really rests.
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