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Spring Chickens

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Raising chickens in the backyard has become very popular in Oklahoma. Some people desire a better understanding of how their food is produced. Others like the rewarding experience of going out in the backyard and gathering eggs. For children and young people, poultry make a good 4H or FFA project. However, many backyard producers may not be aware of diseases that might threaten their chickens as well as their own health. As the time to purchase new chicks approaches, backyard poultry enthusiasts need to keep these thoughts in mind when buying chicks.

In a review of the common causes of death in backyard poultry in the United States, Dr. Cadmus and associates found that 41% of all dead birds submitted for necropsy were diagnosed with some form of cancer. Marek’s disease was the most common cause of the cancers. Bacterial infections were the next most common cause of death. Escherichia coli was the bacterium found most often followed by Mycoplasma species. Viral organisms such infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, and avian pox virus were the most common viruses responsible for death in some birds. Parasites only accounted for a small number of deaths (2.6%), but they were a common secondary finding. The most common parasite to cause death was coccidia and was most often found in birds less than 4 months of age.   

One-way producers can avoid diseases in their flocks is to purchase birds from a National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) certified hatchery. The NPIP was initially started in the 1930s to eliminate Salmonella pullorum from chicks which was highly fatal. Today, NPIP hatcheries monitor and test for a variety of diseases. Purchasing chicks from a NPIP flock will not prevent every disease but it should provide confidence that the chicks are coming from a healthy flock.

In addition to purchasing chicks from a NPIP flock, chicks should be vaccinated for certain diseases early in life. As mentioned earlier, Marek’s disease is one of the leading causes of death in backyard chickens. The disease can be easily prevented by vaccinating the chicks on day 1 or in ovum prior to hatching. Most hatcheries will provide this service for a small fee. Consult with a poultry specialist and/or a veterinarian for other diseases that can be prevented with vaccinations.

Although parasites in Dr. Cadmus review did not account for a high number of deaths, routine monitoring of parasites is a good habit. Coccidia, which was the most common parasite found to cause fatalities, damages the intestine which results in digestive problems. To combat this parasite, chicks should be placed on a coccidiostat which is usually administered in the water or feed. There are a few different coccidiostats available, so consult with a poultry specialist and/or veterinarian for the best option.

Of all disease prevention options available to backyard poultry producers, biosecurity is the best. Biosecurity is a series of management practices designed to prevent the introduction and spread of disease agents on a poultry operation. Backyard poultry producers can find information on biosecurity at http://healthybirds.aphis.usda.gov. Also, Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension has an excellent fact sheet Small Flock Biosecurity for Prevention of Avian Influenza ANSI-8301 which can be obtained at the local OSU County Extension office or at https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/small-flock-biosecurity-for-prevention-of-avian-influenza.html.   

Read more in the March 2021 issue of Oklahoma Farm & Ranch.

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Country Lifestyle

Tracks in the Sand

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By Savannah Magoteaux

This morning, I walked out into my arena and noticed something that gave me pause. The roping steers had been in there the day before, and even though the ground was wide and level, the dirt carried their story. Hoofprints crossed every direction, but in several spots, the same trail was pressed deeper than the rest. Twelve steers had been turned out, yet more than a few chose the exact same path, wearing it down until it stood out from all the other tracks.

Cattle are creatures of habit. Anyone who has spent time around them knows this. They like routine: the same feed, the same water trough, the same shade tree in the pasture. When they are turned loose, they rarely wander without purpose. More often than not, they move together, following the same course as the steer in front of them. There are reasons for this: efficiency, safety, instinct. Walking a beaten path conserves energy, and following the herd is their natural defense. Even in an arena with no real destination, those instincts come through. By the end of a short turnout, you will see the evidence, lines where they have chosen the easiest way to travel and stuck with it.

Out on the range, those lines last longer. Before fences and highways, cattle drives cut deep paths across the land. The Chisholm Trail, which carried herds north from Texas through Oklahoma into Kansas, was walked by millions of cattle in the late 1800s. More than a century later, faint traces of those trails remain, worn so deep by hooves and wagon wheels that the land still carries the mark. On ranches today, you can see the same effect in pastures where cattle walk the same lines between water and grazing. From the ground, those trails might look like nothing more than dusty ruts, but from the air, they sometimes stand out as sharp lines winding through otherwise open fields. Cattle do not simply pass over the land; they shape it. Every step adds up.

That simple truth extends beyond livestock. We all make tracks. Our habits and routines are our trails, worn in by repetition, sometimes efficient, sometimes limiting. Like the cow paths, they can serve a purpose, keeping us steady and helping us move forward. But when repeated without thought, they risk becoming ruts, keeping us from stepping into new ground. History offers perspective here, too. The old cattle trails built towns and economies, but once railroads and fences changed the landscape, those paths were no longer helpful. Sticking to them would have meant going in circles. Progress required something new.

The Tracks We Leave

Standing in the arena, I thought about the kind of tracks I leave behind. Most of mine are not visible in the dirt. They are pressed into my daily life, how I work, the way I handle challenges, and the example I set. Some are helpful and worth keeping. Others may have outlived their purpose. The difference lies in knowing when to stay on the track and when to step off it.

Tomorrow I will drag the arena and smooth it all clean again. The next time the steers are turned in, they will make the same trails. That is their nature. But unlike them, I have a choice. I can decide which paths are worth walking, which ones to change, and what kind of tracks I want to leave for others who might follow.

Tracks tell a story. Sometimes they are only temporary, fading with the next rain. Other times, they last for generations, reminders of where herds and people once walked. This morning, the cattle showed me again that even the smallest things on the ranch carry meaning. Their tracks in the arena were not just marks in the dirt. They are a lesson showing that every step matters, and the paths we choose shape more than just the ground beneath our feet.

References

Jordan, T. G. Trails to Texas: Southern Roots of Western Cattle Ranching. University of Nebraska Press, 1981.

Frantz, J. B. “The Chisholm Trail.” Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association.

Bailey, C. “Animal Behavior and Herd Dynamics in Cattle.” Oklahoma State University Extension, 2019.

National Park Service. “Chisholm Trail: Herding Cattle and History.” https://www.nps.gov

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Country Lifestyle

Apple Fritter Quick Bread

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Total Time: 1 hour and 40 minutes

Servings: 10

2 medium apples (any type), peeled, cored & diced 

1/3 cup brown sugar

1 tsp cinnamon

1/2 cup unsalted butter, softened

2/3 cup granulated sugar

2 large eggs

1 1/2 tsp vanilla extract

1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour

1 3/4 tsp baking powder

1/2 cup milk

For the Glaze:

  • 1/2 cup (60g) powdered sugar

1–2 tbsp milk

1/4 tsp vanilla extract

Instructions:

Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and line a 9×5-inch loaf pan with parchment paper.

Peel and chop apples and place in a bowl with brown sugar and cinnamon. Toss and set aside.

In a large mixing bowl, cream together butter and granulated sugar until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs one at a time, then add vanilla. In a separate bowl, whisk together flour and baking powder. Gradually add dry ingredients to the butter mixture, alternating with milk, mixing until just combined.

Next, pour half of the batter into the loaf pan, top with half of the apple mixture, then repeat with remaining batter and apples. Lightly swirl with a knife for a marbled effect.

Bake for 50–55 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.

Cool in pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.

In a small bowl, whisk together powdered sugar, milk, and vanilla until smooth. Drizzle over cooled bread.

Slice and enjoy warm or at room temperature.

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Country Lifestyle

From Savior to Lord

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At a funeral I went to recently, the preacher said something that has stayed with me. He reminded us that, for the man we were honoring, God went from being Savior to Lord.

That phrase captures a turning point in faith. When we first come to know Christ, it’s with gratitude for His saving grace. It’s personal, almost inward-looking: Jesus rescued me. He forgave me. He gave me new life. In that moment, He is our Savior.

But faith is not meant to remain only in the relief of salvation. Over time, we are called to move from simply being saved to truly being led. To call Jesus Lord is to hand Him the reins, to let Him set the course. It means the decisions we make, the way we spend our time, and even the way we handle hardship reflect His authority instead of our own desires.

That shift isn’t dramatic or loud — it’s usually lived out in the everyday. It’s choosing honesty when cutting corners would be easier. It’s setting aside pride to serve others. It’s holding firm in values even when the world says compromise. It’s forgiving, even when it costs something.

And for people who work the land or care for animals, this truth feels especially close. We know what it means to trust something bigger than ourselves — the rain, the soil, the cattle in our care. A rancher can do everything right, but at the end of the day, much is still beyond his control. Faith works the same way. We can’t stop at receiving salvation like a safety net. We have to surrender daily, trusting God to lead, provide, and direct, even when we don’t know what’s ahead.

Scripture asks it plainly: “Why do you call me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I say?” (Luke 6:46). The challenge is clear — it isn’t enough to know God as Savior. We are called to live with Him as Lord.

Salvation is the beginning, but lordship is the journey. And just like tending a crop or training a good rope horse, it’s a steady, daily process. Rescue is where faith starts. Surrender is where it grows strong.

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